Ingredient Amount Substitute

Allspice 1 tsp. • 1/2 tsp. cinnamon and 1/2 tsp. ground cloves

Baking powder 1 tsp. • 1/3 tsp. baking soda and 5/8 tsp. cream of tartar

Bay leaf 1 whole • 1/4 tsp. crushed

Brown sugar 1 cup • 1 cup sugar plus 1 tsp. molasses

Butter 1 cup • 1 cup margarine
• 7/8 cup shortening and 1/2 tsp. salt

Chives, finely chopped 2 tsp. • 2 tsp. green onion tops finely chopped

Carob 3 tbs. • 3 tbs. cocoa and 1 tbs. shortening

Chocolate chips, semisweet 1 ounce • 1 ounce sweet cooking chocolate chopped

Chocolate, semisweet 1 2/3 ounce 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate and 4 tsp. sugar

Chocolate, semisweet chips, melted 6 ounce package • 2 squares unsweetened chocolate, 2 tbs. shortening and 1/2 cup sugar

Chocolate, unsweetened 1 ounce or square • 3 tbs. cocoa and 1 tbs. butter or margarine

Cocoa 1/4 cup or 4 tbs • 1 ounce chocolate (decrease fat in recipe by 1/2 tbs.)

Coconut cream 1 cup • 1 cup whipping cream

Coconut milk 1 cup • 1 cup whole or 2% milk

Corn syrup 1 cup • 1 cup sugar and 1/4 cup liquid
• 1 cup honey

Cornstarch (for thickening) 1 tbs. • 2 tbs. all-purpose flour

Cream, heavy 1 cup • 3/4 cup milk and 1/3 cup butter or margarine (only for use in cooking and baking)

Cream, light 1 cup • 3/4 cup milk and 3 tbs. Butter or margarine (only for use in cooking and baking)
• or 1 cup evaporated milk

Egg 1 whole • 2 1/2 tbs. sifted dry whole egg powder

Egg white 1 white • 2 tsp. sifted dry egg white powder with 2 tbs. water

Flour (for thickening) 1 tbs. • 1 1/2 tsp. cornstarch, arrowroot starch, potato starch or rice starch
• 1 tbs. granular tapioca, rice flour, corn flour
•1 1/2 tbs. whole wheat flour

Flour, all purpose 1 cup sifted • 1 cup and 2 tbs. cake flour
• 1 cup minus 2 tbs. unsifted all-purpose flour
• 1 cup rice flour

Flour, cake 1 cup sifted • 1 cup minus 2 tbs. all purpose flour

Flour, self rising 1 cup • 1 cup minus 2 tsp. all purpose flour and 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. salt

Flour, whole wheat • Substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 of white flour called for in recipe

Garlic 1 clove • 1/8 - 1/4 tsp. garlic powder

Herbs, fresh 1 tbs. • 1 tsp. dried herbs

Honey 1 cup • 1 1/4 cup sugar with 1/4 cup water

Italian seasonings 1 1/2 tsp. • 1/4 tsp. each dried marjoram, oregano plus basil plues 1/8 tsp. sage

Ketchup (for cooking) 1 cup • 1 cup tomato sauce, 1/2 cup sugar and 2 tbs. vinegar

Lemon juice 1 tsp. • 1/2 tsp. vinegar

Lemon peel, dried 1 tsp. • 1-2 tsp. fresh grated lemon peel
• 1/2 tsp. lemon extract

Mayonnaise (for use in salad dressings) 1 cup • 1 cup sour cream
• 1 cup cottage cheese pureed in blender

Milk, buttermilk or sour milk 1 cup • 1 cup plain yogurt
• 1 cup whole milk and 1 tbs. lemon juice

Milk, sweetened condensed 1 can • Heat and stir 1/3 cup and 2 tbs. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar and 3 tbs. butter until sugar has dissolved.

Mustard, dry 1 tsp. • 1 tbs. prepared mustard

Mustard, prepared 1 tbs. • 1/2 tsp. dry mustard and 2 tsp. Vinegar

Saffron 1 tsp. •1 tsp. tumeric

Shortening, melted 1 cup • 1 cup cooking oil

Shortening, solid 1 cup • 1 1/8 cup butter or margarine (decrease salt in recipe by 1/2 tsp.)

Sour cream 1 cup • 1 cup yogurt or 3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp. lemon juice and 1/2 cup butter

Soy sauce 1 tbs. • 1 tbs. teriyaki Sauce

Tomato Sauce 1 cup • 6 tbs. tomato paste and 1/2 water

Yeast, active dry 1 tbs. • 1 package active dry yeast

Yogurt, plain 1 cup • 1 cup buttermilk
• 1 cup cottage cheese blended until smooth
• 1 cup sour cream

Ingredient	Amount	Substitute
Allspice	1 tsp.	• 1/2 tsp. cinnamon and 1/2 tsp. ground cloves
Baking powder	1 tsp.	• 1/3 tsp. baking soda and 5/8 tsp. cream of tartar
Bay leaf	1 whole	• 1/4 tsp. crushed
Brown sugar	1 cup	• 1 cup sugar plus 1 tsp. molasses
Butter	1 cup	• 1 cup margarine • 7/8 cup shortening and 1/2 tsp. salt
Chives, finely chopped	2 tsp.	• 2 tsp. green onion tops finely chopped
Carob	3 tbs.	• 3 tbs. cocoa and 1 tbs. shortening
Chocolate chips, semisweet	1 ounce	• 1 ounce sweet cooking chocolate chopped
Chocolate, semisweet	1 2/3 ounce	1 ounce unsweetened chocolate and 4 tsp. sugar
Chocolate, semisweet chips, melted	6 ounce package	• 2 squares unsweetened chocolate, 2 tbs. shortening and 1/2 cup sugar
Chocolate, unsweetened	1 ounce or square	• 3 tbs. cocoa and 1 tbs. butter or margarine
Cocoa	1/4 cup or 4 tbs	• 1 ounce chocolate (decrease fat in recipe by 1/2 tbs.)
Coconut cream	1 cup	• 1 cup whipping cream
Coconut milk	1 cup	• 1 cup whole or 2% milk
Corn syrup	1 cup	• 1 cup sugar and 1/4 cup liquid • 1 cup honey
Cornstarch (for thickening)	1 tbs.	• 2 tbs. all-purpose flour
Cream, heavy	1 cup	• 3/4 cup milk and 1/3 cup butter or margarine (only for use in cooking and baking)
Cream, light	1 cup	• 3/4 cup milk and 3 tbs. Butter or margarine (only for use in cooking and baking) • or 1 cup evaporated milk
Egg	1 whole	• 2 1/2 tbs. sifted dry whole egg powder
Egg white	1 white	• 2 tsp. sifted dry egg white powder with 2 tbs. water
Flour (for thickening)	1 tbs.	• 1 1/2 tsp. cornstarch, arrowroot starch, potato starch or rice starch • 1 tbs. granular tapioca, rice flour, corn flour •1 1/2 tbs. whole wheat flour
Flour, all purpose	1 cup sifted	• 1 cup and 2 tbs. cake flour • 1 cup minus 2 tbs. unsifted all-purpose flour • 1 cup rice flour
Flour, cake	1 cup sifted	• 1 cup minus 2 tbs. all purpose flour
Flour, self rising	1 cup	• 1 cup minus 2 tsp. all purpose flour and 1 1/2 tsp. baking powder and 1/2 tsp. salt
Flour, whole wheat		• Substitute whole wheat flour for 1/4 to 1/2 of white flour called for in recipe
Garlic	1 clove	• 1/8 - 1/4 tsp. garlic powder
Herbs, fresh	1 tbs.	• 1 tsp. dried herbs
Honey	1 cup	• 1 1/4 cup sugar with 1/4 cup water
Italian seasonings	1 1/2 tsp.	• 1/4 tsp. each dried marjoram, oregano plus basil plues 1/8 tsp. sage
Ketchup (for cooking)	1 cup	• 1 cup tomato sauce, 1/2 cup sugar and 2 tbs. vinegar
Lemon juice	1 tsp.	• 1/2 tsp. vinegar
Lemon peel, dried	1 tsp.	• 1-2 tsp. fresh grated lemon peel • 1/2 tsp. lemon extract
Mayonnaise (for use in salad dressings)	1 cup	• 1 cup sour cream • 1 cup cottage cheese pureed in blender
Milk, buttermilk or sour milk	1 cup	• 1 cup plain yogurt • 1 cup whole milk and 1 tbs. lemon juice
Milk, sweetened condensed	1 can	• Heat and stir 1/3 cup and 2 tbs. evaporated milk, 1 cup sugar and 3 tbs. butter until sugar has dissolved.
Mustard, dry	1 tsp.	• 1 tbs. prepared mustard
Mustard, prepared	1 tbs.	• 1/2 tsp. dry mustard and 2 tsp. Vinegar
Saffron	1 tsp.	•1 tsp. tumeric
Shortening, melted	1 cup	• 1 cup cooking oil
Shortening, solid	1 cup	• 1 1/8 cup butter or margarine (decrease salt in recipe by 1/2 tsp.)
Sour cream	1 cup	• 1 cup yogurt or 3/4 cup milk, 3/4 tsp. lemon juice and 1/2 cup butter
Soy sauce	1 tbs.	• 1 tbs. teriyaki Sauce
Tomato Sauce	1 cup	• 6 tbs. tomato paste and 1/2 water
Yeast, active dry	1 tbs.	• 1 package active dry yeast
Yogurt, plain	1 cup	• 1 cup buttermilk • 1 cup cottage cheese blended until smooth • 1 cup sour cream